The Sustainable Development Goals and other international development agendas frequently focus on creating more sustainable resource extraction, with some scholars and researchers focused on creating economic models, such as circular economy, that rely less on resource extraction, and more on reuse, recycling and renewable resources that can be sustainably managed. Resource extraction is also a major source of human rights violations and environmental damage. This is particularly true during periods of increasing scarcity and shortages ( depletion and overconsumption of resources). Natural-resource allocations can be at the center of many economic and political confrontations both within and between countries.

Some resources are renewable, which means that they can be used at a certain rate and natural processes will restore them, whereas many extractive industries rely heavily on non-renewable resources that can only be extracted once. Every man-made product is composed of natural resources (at its fundamental level).Ī natural resource may exist as a separate entity such as fresh water, air, or any living organism such as a fish, or it may be transformed by extractivist industries into an economically useful form that must be processed to obtain the resource such as metal ores, rare-earth elements, petroleum, timber and most forms of energy. Natural resources are materials and components (something that can be used) that can be found within the environment. Natural resources may be classified in different ways. Particular areas (such as the rainforest in Fatu-Hiva) often feature biodiversity and geodiversity in their ecosystems. Natural resources are part of humanity's natural heritage or protected in nature reserves. On Earth, it includes sunlight, atmosphere, water, land, all minerals along with all vegetation, and wildlife. This includes the sources of valued characteristics such as commercial and industrial use, aesthetic value, scientific interest, and cultural value. Natural resources are resources that are drawn from nature and used with few modifications. An example of a non-renewable natural resource. A picture of the Udachnaya pipe, an open-pit diamond mine in Siberia.

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